For example, we identified nine novel missense variants such as those of PAX4 (p.Arg192Ser) and GLP1R (p.Arg131Gln)4 that were in linkage disequilibrium with the lead variants of T2D loci and not rare in the Japanese population, but rare or monomorphic in Europeans (Supplementary Table 6 in ref. 4). This evidence concerns the gene PAX4 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.