As suggested by a previous study4, most of these lead variants at T2D loci in either the Japanese or European population showed at least nominally significant (P < 0.05) associations in the alternative population, even if not genome-wide significant, except for variants that were rare or monomorphic in one population such as NKX6-1 rs201597274, HNF1A rs187150787, and PAX4 rs2233580 in the Japanese population and HNF1A rs56348580 in the European population. This evidence concerns the gene PAX4 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.