To clarify the roles of CD38 in lung cancer, we constructed CD38 knocked out (KO) cells, CD38 mutant cells (A549-CD38 and LLC-CD38 mutant cell, MU) (Fig. S2A–C) [11, 12], and CD38 overexpressed cells (OE) (Fig. S2A–C). The gene discussed is CD38; the disease is lung carcinoma.