In spite of the previously reported increase in plasma taurine concentration induced by L-glutamine in rats with intact renal function [21], dietary supplementation with L-glutamine failed to increase the taurine concentration in plasma in the present CKD model (Table 3), nor did it normalise the taurine / SO42− ratio in urine (Table 3), or the CSAD protein expression in liver (Fig. 1a, b). The gene discussed is CSAD; the disease is chronic kidney disease.