To investigate the effect of miR-149-5p on sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2) expression level and contents of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-9) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the pericytes after acute cerebral ischemia reperfusion in rats, so as to clarify the neuroprotective molecular mechanism induced by miR-149-5p and provide references for the treatment of neurological diseases, 60 male SD rats aged 7–8 weeks were selected and divided randomly into test group (establishing middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model) and control group (no modeling). The gene discussed is SOD1; the disease is nervous system disorder.