In a meta-analysis, protective effects of moderate alcohol were tied to the duration of SLE, with significance seen in patients treated for less than 10 years compared to patients treated for less than 5 years.40 Another study concluded that moderate alcohol may lower the chance of ANA-positive patients to progress to SLE.42 Smaller case–control SLE studies, which tend to be more prone to recall bias and reverse causation bias, have either not identified an association with alcohol consumption and SLE risk or have detected a slightly higher risk.43,44. Here, BTG3 is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.