In mouse models of acute alcohol abuse, cerebellar microglia display no inflammatory cytokine production following a single moderate-dose alcohol exposure of 3 g/kg and only a transient IL-1β/TNF-α increase following high-dose administration 5 g/kg.64 At much higher alcohol doses of up to 10 g/kg/day, microglia display increased activation in association with the production of different inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-18, IL-10, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), transformative growth factor beta (TGF-β) and chemokines, CXCL2, CX3CL1. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and alcohol abuse.