However, in some cell types, CaSR is able to couple to G12/13 to activate Rho kinase signalling (Huang et al. 2004), and in breast cancer and AtT20 cells, CaSR activates Gs-mediated increases in cAMP (Mamillapalli et al. 2008, Mamillapalli & Wysolmerski 2010). Here, CASR is linked to breast cancer.