TNF and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: In addition, the regular-dose (MPS 1 mg/kg) and low-dose MPS-NSSLs-SPANb (MPS 0.5 mg/kg)+AE-IPF groups showed significantly reduced IL-6, IL-17A, and TNF-α levels compared with the MPS + AE-IPF group (p < .05, Figure 8(a–c)), and the regular-dose (MPS 1 mg/kg) and low-dose MPS-NSSLs-SPANb (MPS 0.5 mg/kg)+AE-IPF one-week exposure groups had the lowest levels of the three inflammatory cytokines (Figure 8(a–c)).