Early signal detection in hSC-CMs would be particularly important for risk mitigation and disease modeling since many cardioprotective effects of the PI3K signaling pathways only emerge in heart failure (53, 57, 58) and patients with pre-existing cardiac disease or risk factors, such as hypertension or metabolic syndrome may be at higher risk when given PI3K-α inhibitors. Here, PIK3CD is linked to hypertensive disorder.