The increase of GFAP immunoreactivity in the cortex is supported by previous reports that loss of the RASopathy gene NF1 results in a robust increase in GFAP expression in reactive astrocytes (Hewett et al., 1995; Nordlund et al., 1995; Gutmann et al., 1999; Rizvi et al., 1999). Here, GFAP is linked to RASopathy.