Remarkably, ROS1 mutation yielded longer OS from ICI than the wild-type counterpart in the MSK melanoma population [hazard ratio (HR) 0.47, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.30–0.74], and two external melanoma cohorts (CA209-038: HR 0.42, 95% CI 0.20–0.89; MEL-IPI: HR 0.55, 95% CI 0.34–0.91), without affecting the prognosis of patients. This evidence concerns the gene ROS1 and melanoma.