TF and infectious disease: Immune complexes and many other factors elaborated in various infectious diseases induce IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α production which initiates coagulation activity by increasing stimulation of TF in endothelial cells, monocytes and macrophages, stimulation of intrinsic and extrinsic pathways, as well as inducing hepatic acute phase responses that cause changes in levels of coagulation proteins such as fibrinogen and factor VIII (6,11,12).