NLRC5 and rheumatoid arthritis: It was previously reported that NLRC5 [NLR family caspase recruitment domain (CARD) containing 5, also known as NOD4, NOD27, and CLR16.1] accounts for a large proportion of the NLR family, which can modulate immune responses in the context of many human diseases, such as liver disease, renal disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and heart disease, by regulating nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), type I interferon (IFN-1), inflammasome signaling pathways and the expression of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) I genes (3–5).