VEGFA and neoplasm: M2d (tumor-associated macrophages – TAMs) are activated by IL-6 and A2 adenosine receptor (AR) agonists (105, 106), and represent a more detrimental class of M2 macrophage as they contribute to angiogenesis (by release of vascular endothelial growth factor – VEGF) and cancer metastasis (109, 110).