MAPK3 and Anxiety: • Sexual dimorphism: increased extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) activity, pERK expression in Pv neurons of females undergoing unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) (59). • Acute and chronic activation of Pv+ cells by chemogenetics (DREADD; CNO) reduces prefrontal activity. Only the chronic activity results in increased anxiety-like behaviors in females (60).