TGFB1 and chronic kidney disease: Iodomethylcholine can inhibit the progression of adenine-induced CKD in mice by inhibiting TMAO levels and reducing collagen deposition (Zhang et al., 2021), and it can also inhibit the expression of pro-fibrotic genes, such as those encoding for TGF-β, type I collagen, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1, and α-SMA, to alleviate renal tubular interstitial fibrosis and dysfunction in CKD mice (Gupta et al., 2020).