Additionally, high-dose LPS can significantly increase the expression of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB) and other inflammatory factors, whereas low-dose LPS can induce macrophage differentiation into a mild proinflammatory state through Toll-like receptor 4, interleukin-1 receptor-related kinase-1, and Toll-interacting protein on the cell surface and promote the occurrence of atherosclerosis (Maitra et al., 2012). Here, NFKB1 is linked to atherosclerosis.