TGFB1 and congestive heart failure: In that aspect, AT1R antagonists may reduce inflammation and myocardial fibrosis after acute myocardial infarction by signaling pathways of NF-κB and TGF-β1 (Song et al., 2014), and supress increases in myocardial mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β), MCP-1 and matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -9 in chronic heart failure (Sukumaran et al., 2010).