TGFB1 and congestive heart failure: The major sources of TGF-β1 are macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, myofibroblasts, and epithelial cells (Wynn and Ramalingam, 2012), and during states with prolonged activation of Ang II and TGF-β1 a chronic inflammation contributes to adverse effects and diseases like chronic heart failure (Gullestad et al., 2012).