The cytokines interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and also the chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and the growth factor transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), have all been shown to play a key role in mediating the procoagulant changes in endothelial dysfunction (van der Poll et al., 1994; Ceciliani et al., 2002). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and endothelial dysfunction.