ACE and essential hypertension: Clinical studies have confirmed that ACE inhibitors and AT1R blockade can modify cardiac remodeling (Malmqvist et al., 2001; Dell'Italia, 2011; Ferrario, 2016), and the ACE inhibitor perindopril reduced the levels of IL-1β in patients with stable coronary disease and in essential hypertension (Madej et al., 2009; Krysiak and Okopień, 2012), implicating that ACE inhibitors may attenuate inflammasome activity.