INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus: Average N = 128, average age, 70.7 years, 60% F, 100% White. Balanced for APOE ε4. Baseline insulin, 14.2 μU/mL. MMSE mean baseline, 21.3. Subjects with history of T1DM or T2DM, or with fasting glucose ≥ 7mM or HbA1c ≥ 8.5% were excluded.