TNF and malignant colon neoplasm: TNFα along with TGFβ triggers EMT in colon cancer cells through activation of Snail1, claudin-1, and the NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) [48], and activates EMT in renal cell carcinoma through overexpression of chemokine receptors such as CXCR2 and CXCR3 [49].