Pancreatic cancer patients with high CXCL5 expression have more intratumoral M2-polarized macrophages, neutrophils, and IgG+ plasma cells than those with low CXCL5 expression.269 Studies have demonstrated that tumor-derived CXCL1,270 GM-CSF,271 and CSF-3272 mediate the recruitment of MDSCs to the tumor microenvironment. This evidence concerns the gene CSF2 and neoplasm.