The development of erythropoietic stimulatory agents, such as recombinant human erythropoietin and darbepoetin alpha, has resulted in substantial health benefits for patients with end-stage renal failure, including improved quality of life, reduced blood transfusion requirements, decreased left ventricular mass, diminished sleep disturbance, and enhanced exercise capacity [36, 37]. The gene discussed is EPO; the disease is stage 5 chronic kidney disease.