PPARA and Sepsis: Sepsis-related alterations of fat metabolism—resulting from the hormonal conditions mentioned above—are characterized by upregulation of lipolysis in white adipose tissue [16], while free FA β-oxidation may nevertheless be decreased [75]: the lipolysis-related rise in free FA blood concentrations triggers the expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α, which in turn activates ketogenesis and β-oxidation.