Regarding the role of GDF11 in chronic cardiac remodeling after ischemia, Olson et al. reported that higher GDF11/8 levels are associated with a lower incidence of cardiac hypertrophy and a lower risk of cardiovascular events and death in patients with stable ischemic heart disease, and similar results have been reported in mice by Du et al., who showed that exogenous GDF11 alleviates chronic heart failure after acute IR injury [12]. This evidence concerns the gene GDF11 and congestive heart failure.