Our study found that ESC-EV treatment could significantly increase the number of Sox9+ cells in the renal tubular epithelial cells after AKI, suggesting that ESC-EVs regenerate damaged renal tubular epithelial cells by activating Sox9+ cells, but the mechanism of Sox9+ cells activated after AKI in renal repair remain unclear and need further study. The gene discussed is SOX9; the disease is acute kidney injury.