Pseudo-progression has been reported for anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (anti-PD-1), anti-programmed death-ligand 1 (anti-PD-L1), and anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (anti-CTLA-4) agents not only in lung cancer but also other cancers, including melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, and bladder cancer [35–37]. This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and renal cell carcinoma.