KEGG (up) were as follows: TNF signaling pathway, TGF-beta signaling pathway, rheumatoid arthritis, parathyroid hormone synthesis, secretion and action, osteoclast differentiation, mucin type O-glycan biosynthesis, malaria, MAPK signaling pathway, leishmaniasis, inositol phosphate metabolism, inflammatory bowel disease, IL-17 signaling pathway, human T cell leukemia virus 1 infection, HIF-1 signaling pathway, Chagas disease, breast cancer, basal cell carcinoma, amoebiasis, African trypanosomiasis, and AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications (Fig. 4). Here, TNF is linked to malaria.