Infection of wheat ears with F. graminearum, the causal agent of FHB, also resulted in up-regulation of the JA biosynthetic genes AOS and OPR in the FHB resistant variety Wangshuibai, while the JA signaling gene COI1 was down-regulated in the susceptible wheat upon infection with F. graminearum [59]. This evidence concerns the gene ARHGAP31 and infection.