Body mass index (BMI), fasting glucose and insulin, 1 h glucose, 2 h glucose and insulin, hemoglobin A1 (HbA1C), homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and triacylglycerides (TG) were significantly higher in the GDM group than in the control group (p < 0.05, Table 1). Here, INS is linked to Insulin resistance.