TSPO and cancer: The increased level of TSPO has been observed in neurodegenerative diseases and disorders (Rupprecht et al., 2010; Alam et al., 2017), brain injury (Papadopoulos and Lecanu 2009), and cancer (Decaudin et al., 2002; Li et al., 2007), while the dysregulation of TSPO has been detected in obesity (Kim et al., 2020) and diabetes (Giatti et al., 2009; Ilkan and Akar 2018).