Carbohydrate uptake and glycolysis of glioma cells were driven by the PI3K–AKT pathway activated by receptor tyrosine kinases including EGFR and c-Met, which up-regulated PFK1 and GLUT1/3 via the activation of PFK2 and glycoprotein synthase kinase (GSK)-3β (Kuang et al., 2017; Lee J.H. et al., 2017; Lee et al., 2018). This evidence concerns the gene NTRK1 and glioma.