HEATR1 and glioma: In addition to the secretion of tumor-damaging cytokines such as IFN-γ, CTLs can recognize antigens such as HEAT repeat-containing protein 1 (HEATR1) expressed by glioma cells via human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A2 [or major histocompatibility complex class 1 in animals] and trigger cell lysis (Wu et al., 2014; Shao et al., 2017).