AHR and neoplasm: Meanwhile indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO)-1/2 and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO)-2 were highly expressed in glioma cells and were proportional to tumor grade (Guastella et al., 2018), which catalyzed the decomposition of Trp into kynurenine (Kyn), a ligand of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR).