Altogether, these results prompted us to address for the first time in a cohort of RAS wild-type mCRC patients treated with cetuximab, on paired primary and metastatic tissue samples: 1) the nature and density of FcγRIIIA+ (CD16) immune cells, 2) the expression profile of HLA-E/β2m by tumor cells as well as the density of intra-tumor CD94+ immune cells and 3) their impact on both objective response to cetuximab and overall survival. The gene discussed is HLA-E; the disease is neoplasm.