BNIP3 and myocardial ischemia: In cardiomyocytes, the pathological mechanism involved in NIX is mainly related to cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and regulated by Gαq-dependent signaling, while BNIP3 is significantly induced by hypoxia in addition to a combination of hypoxia and acidosis under prolonged myocardial ischemia [71, 72].