PTH and atherosclerosis: There was no significant association between PWV and either serum calcium or parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels, even though increased PTH has been found to be linked with endothelial dysfunction and increased aortic pressure, chronic inflammation, vascular calcification, and atherosclerosis in some studies.15-17 Regarding the HbA1c-AS relationship, a study by Cavero-Redondo et al.18 suggested there was a positive correlation among 220 non-diabetic adult patients, similar to our study.