CASP1 and leukemia: To further investigate the role of IL-1β in the leukemia-promoting effect by NLRP3 inflammasome activation, we first activated NLRP3 inflammasome of THP-1 cells with LPS or LPS+ATP and found that the mRNA expression of caspase-1 or IL-1β and the secreted IL-1β and IL-18 were significantly increased after NLRP3 activation (Figures 5C, D).