In this study, we employed two different lupus models: (1) IMQ-induced lupus, which is mediated in part by IFN-I production, to mimic patients with SLE and IFN-I signature and (2) spontaneous C57BL/6Jlpr/lpr mice that exhibit BAFF, but not IFN-I production to mimic patients with SLE and BAFF signature. This evidence concerns the gene TNFSF13B and systemic lupus erythematosus.