INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus: To investigate if levels of extracellular DNA in newly diagnosed T1D samples were related to the rate of loss of endogenous insulin production, the T1D children in cohort 1 were stratified into those with early loss of insulin production (n=20, defined as undetected c-peptide levels <0.02 nmol/L within 2 years after diagnosis) or late loss (n=20, remaining endogenous insulin production 4 years after onset), while the children with intermediate loss of insulin production (n=10) were excluded from this analysis (Table 3).