Individual CDT proteins are able to induce IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 synthesis by PBMCs (Bielig et al., 2011); furthermore, CDT-mediated increases in extracellular ATP and ATP-induced P2X7 activation likely contribute to NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) assembly and activation. Here, NLRP3 is linked to isolated focal cortical dysplasia type II.