HMGB1 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: In line with this view, the expression level of HMGB1 is dramatically decreased in the degenerating motor neurons, but was remarkably increased in the reactive glia cells in ALS mouse model and human patients39, suggesting that the expression of HMGB1 may be regulated in different types of cells and conditions, which may lead to a cascade of different events that underlie cell-type specific vulnerability.