Whereas the production of IL-1β is mostly mediated by inflammasome, the release of IL-1α could be either inflammasome-dependent or -independent based on the activator.165 A phase III clinical trial has demonstrated that MABp1, a monoclonal antibody blocking IL-1α, improves the survival rate in patients with refractory CRC.166. The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is colorectal carcinoma.