Importantly, qPCR analysis revealed increased mRNA levels of FIZZ1, arginase-1, and IL-4, suggesting that the microglial cells from APP/PS1/NLRP3−/− mice are skewed to an M2 phenotype leading to increased Aβ clearance and enhanced tissue remodeling.87 Clinical studies have demonstrated increased active caspase-1 level in the brains of AD patients. Here, APP is linked to Alzheimer disease.