APP and Alzheimer disease: NLRP3−/− or caspase-1−/− mice carrying AD mutations did not show loss of spatial memory.87 Furthermore, in APP/PS1/NLRP3−/− mice (transgenic mice carrying an AD mutation crossed with NLRP3−/− mice), caspase-1 cleavage was not seen and the brain IL-1β level was similar to wild-type mice.