The rs143383 locus in the 5′UTR of GDF5 is associated with increased susceptibility to osteoarthritis (including osteoarthritis of the knee, hip and hand) in both Asian and European populations [16–19], and different alleles of rs143383 influence GDF5 gene expression in the whole joint, probably leading to increased susceptibility to osteoarthritis in individuals [20]. The gene discussed is GDF5; the disease is osteoarthritis.