MAPT and proteostasis deficiencies: Ongoing and future work will need to consider using transgenic mice with either human tau, amyloid precursor protein, or TDP-43 to potentially facilitate recapitulation of human phenotypes.108–110 Clearly, other factors contribute to neurodegeneration in pre-clinical models, given that chronic cognitive deficits have been reported to persist after TBI in the absence of neuronal death or overt tau, amyloid, or other proteinopathy pathology.70,111,112