TNF and periodontal disorder: Periodontal disease is associated with local elevation of inflammatory cytokines (CRP, fibrinogen, haptoglobin, platelet-activating factor, IL-6, and IL-18) [18], and periodontal inflammatory process is accompanied by large network of cytokines and chemokines with high expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and regulatory cytokines such as IL-4, IL-1(RA) receptor antagonist, IL-10, and induced protein (IP)-10 [19].