Impairments of the positive limb of the circadian clock in the brain, produced by deletion of either Bmal1 or Npas2 and Clock induce widespread astrogliosis, neuronal oxidative stress, and axonal terminal degeneration, thus highlighting the implications of the circadian clock positive-limb transcriptional complex (BMAL1: CLOCK/NPAS2) in the protection against neurodegeneration and in neuron susceptibility to injury, including ischemia [50,67,74]. This evidence concerns the gene NPAS2 and ischemia.