An OPN-knockout mouse model of chemically induced HCC demonstrated reduced numbers of F4/80+CD11b+TAMs, decreased expression of M2 macrophage markers ARG-1 and PD-L1, and increased levels of Th1 cytokines (IFN-γ, TNFα, CXCL10 and IL-12b) compared with tumors from control mice [113]. This evidence concerns the gene SPP1 and hepatocellular carcinoma.