REN and metabolic syndrome: HTN and T2DM are common comorbidities that are multifactorial diseases driven by many common pathogenic factors, including modifiable risk factors (obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, vascular inflammation, atherosclerosis, and sequential inappropriate activation of renin-angiotensin system, etc.)[3,4], environmental factors, and genetic predisposition [4,34].