Further analysis using the Mann–Whitney test showed significantly higher mRNA expression of the AKT1 (p = 0.002), AKT2 (p = 0.030), EGFR (p = 0.001) and PIK3AP1 (p < 0.001) genes, and significantly lower mRNA expression of the AKT3 (p) < 0.001), CHUK (p < 0.001), GSK3β (p = 0.001) and PTEN (p < 0.001) genes in GBM versus DA. Here, GSK3B is linked to glioblastoma.