PTEN and glioblastoma: Additionally, the test showed significantly higher mRNA expression of genes AKT1 (p < 0.001), AKT2 (p = 0.018), and PIK3AP1 (p = 0.013), and significantly lower expression of the AKT3, CHUK, GSK3β, and PTEN genes (p < 0.001) in GBM compared to AA.