Overall, our results in NCSCs derived from patients affected with BAMS suggested that during development, variable PDGFR expression and the proportion of NCSCs expressing α and β PDGFRs might be involved in AKT-dependent signal transduction capacities, ECM composition, and cell-to-matrix contacts, thereby influencing cell migration. Here, AKT1 is linked to arhinia, choanal atresia, and microphthalmia.