GPT and sclerosing cholangitis: To assess whether 3-IAld would prevent DDC-induced sclerosing cholangitis, we treated DDC-fed mice with 3-IAld-MP intragastrically at the beginning of treatment with DDC, as depicted in Figure 2A. We first evaluated the effect of 3-IAld-MP on parameters of liver damage by measuring hepatic-related enzymes, such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and total bilirubin [28].