TNF and chronic myelogenous leukemia, BCR-ABL1 positive: BCR-ABL1 kinase-independent autocrine production of Tumor Necrosis Factor a (TNFa) has been reported to support CML LSC survival via the nuclear factor κB (NFκB)/p65 pathway leading to the expression of the IL-3 and granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor common β-chain receptor [91].