RETN and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Moreover, the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), which included 1913 participants from different ethnicities in the USA, concluded that there was a strong correlation between elevated circulatory resistin and the increased incidence of heart failure, all CVD events independent of traditional cardiovascular risk factors, obesity, markers of inflammation/IR and several adipokines [65].